College of the Redwoods Ionic Compounds Questions

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1. What is the octet rule?
2. Why do hydrogen, helium, lithium ion, and beryllium ion not follow the octet rule? If you have to make a rule for these, what would you call it? No, you are not allowed to name it after yourself.
3. Element Z forms an ion Z3+, which contains 31 protons. What is the identify of Z, and how many electrons does Z3+ have? Explain your choices.
4. Based on the following atomic numbers and electronic configurations write the symbols for the following ions:
   • Z = 20; 1s22s22p63s23p6
   • Z = 8; 1s22s22p6
   • Z = 22; 1s22s22p63s23p63d2
   • Z = 19; 1s22s22p63s23p6
   • Z = 13; 1s22s22p6
5. Write electron configurations and symbols for the ions formed by the following:
   • Gain of three electrons by phosphorus
   • Loss of one electron by lithium
   • Loss of two electrons by cobalt
6. Tell whether each statement about ionic solids is true or false. Justify all answers.
   • Ions are randomly arranged in ionic solids.
   • All ions are the same size in ionic solids.
   • Ionic solids can often shatter with sharp blows.
   • Ionic solids have low melting points.
7. Looking only at the periodic table, tell which member of each pair of atoms has the larger electron affinity and thus gains electrons more easily:
   • Li and O
   • Li and Cs
   • K and Zn
   • Mg and N
8. Write the electron configurations of Co, Co2+, and Co3+.
9. For potassium:
   • Write equations for the loss of an electron by a K atoms and the gain of an electron by a K+ ion.
   • What is the relationship between the equations?
   • What is the relationship between the ionization energy of a K atom and the electron affinity of a K+ ion?
10. Identify the following substances at either an acid or a base and write equations to show how the substances give ions when dissolved in water.