Ohio University Psych Statistic Experimental Methods Exam Practice
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1] If Madeline wanted to know whether or not her sample results could be generalized to the population, she would use ______ statistics. If she were summarizing the data from her sample, she would use ______ statistics.
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inferential; descriptive |
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descriptive; inferential |
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inferential; quantitative |
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quantitative; descriptive |
Professor Baker provided a set of in-depth instructional materials for half of the students (randomly determined) taking her experimental methods course. She then compared their test scores against those of the other half of the students who did not receive a set of instructional materials. What is the dependent variable in the study?
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the total number of students |
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the test scores of the students |
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whether or not students got a set of instructional materials |
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the difficulty of the test |
Dr. Trebeck is testing adults to determine the effects of 3 different music tempos on how quickly the adults are able to respond in a Jeopardy-style task. The independent variable in this study is ___________.
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different music tempos |
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adults vs. children |
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time of responding (i.e., how quickly they are able to respond) |
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gender of the subjects |
Identify the scale of measurement for eye color (blue, black, brown, green, etc.)
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Interval |
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Ordinal |
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Ratio |
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Nominal |
Identify the scale of measurement for the amount of money donated to charity in the previous tax year by one particular family.
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Nominal |
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Ordinal |
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Interval |
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Ratio |
Identify the scale of measurement for the rankings of the five top-winning horses in the Kentucky Derby (i.e., 1st place, 2nd place, 3rd place, 4th place, and 5th place).
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Nominal |
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Ordinal |
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Ratio |
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Interval |
Identify this variable as either measurement (quantitative) or categorical (qualitative):
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Measurement (quantitative) |
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Categorical (qualitative) |
Identify this variable as either measurement (quantitative) or categorical (qualitative):
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Measurement (quantitative) |
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Categorical (qualitative) |
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Continuous |
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Discrete |
Is this variable discrete or continuous?
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Continuous |
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Discrete |
“How many days per week do you sleep for a minimum of 8 hours per day? Circle Only One Number: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7”
This type of question is an example of ___________.
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a closed-ended question |
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an open-ended question |
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a meta analysis |
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a factorial analysis |
I am selecting people to call for jury duty. It’s a small county, so I place the names of everyone who is eligible in a large hat. After mixing thoroughly, I draw 37 people to call. The sampling plan that I used is ________.
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systematic random sampling |
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stratified sampling |
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cluster sampling |
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simple random sampling |
Today, Angelica took a written test designed to measure her IQ level. Her IQ score today was 125. Last week, her IQ score on the same test was 72. This particular IQ test appears to lack _____________.
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reliability |
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validity |
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generalizability |
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bias |
What is the margin of error?
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the mistakes made by an experimenter during the sampling stage |
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the mistakes made by a researcher during the experimental stage |
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the overall measure of accuracy for an experiment |
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the measure of accuracy of a sample survey or poll |
A sample made up of volunteers may be biased because ______.
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the control group and the experimental group can never be equated (the margin of error is too great between the control group and the experimental group) |
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using volunteers is often not economical |
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volunteers may not be representative of the population |
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the control group and the experimental group are too similar |
The following type of survey question is an example of _______________.
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an closed-ended survey question |
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an open-ended survey question |
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a common pitfall when asking survey questions |
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an experiment that lacks reliability and validity |
Difficulties — as well as disasters — can occur in sampling. Which of the following is NOT an example of either a difficulty or a disaster in sampling?
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using the wrong sampling frame |
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not being able to contact the individuals who have been selected for the sample |
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getting no response or getting a volunteer response |
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all of the above are examples of either difficulties or disasters in sampling |
Identify one of the seven pitfalls of conducting surveys for the following survey question:
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Asking the uninformed |
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Unnecessary complexity |
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Ordering of questions |
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Confidentiality and anonymity |
Validity is best described as ___________________.
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a measurement that is systematically off the mark in one direction |
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a measurement that is systematically off the mark in both directions |
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a measurement that actually measures what it purports to measure |
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a measurement that will give you the same consistent result time after time |
Identify one of the seven pitfalls when conducting surveys for the following survey question: “Do you agree with the experimenter of this study that capital punishment should be outlawed?”
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Deliberate bias |
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Confidentiality and anonymity |
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Asking the uninformed |
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Unnecessary complexity |
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2.71 |
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2.79 |
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3.06 |
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9.37 |
Use the following set of SAMPLE data:
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3.67 |
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2.67 |
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-3.67 |
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3.17 |
Use the following set of SAMPLE data:
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2.00 |
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3.00 |
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3.50 |
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4.00 |
Use the following set of SAMPLE data:
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5 |
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7 |
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9 |
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11 |
Use the following set of SAMPLE data:
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3 |
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4 |
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6 |
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7 |
Construct a Stem and Leaf plot (stemplot) using the data below. The sum (total) of the numbers that comprise the leaf in the first row is ____:
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11 |
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17 |
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19 |
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29 |
Using the following data (which are sample exam scores), construct a Grouped Frequency Distribution on your scrap paper.
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18 – 21 |
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19.5 |
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21.5 |
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23 |
Use the Grouped Frequency Distribution that you constructed on your scrap paper in the previous question to answer the following:
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14.29% |
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19.72% |
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21.43% |
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28.57% |
Assume that verbal SAT scores constitute a normal distribution with a mean of 600 and a standard deviation of 100.
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425 |
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450 |
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550 |
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600 |
Assume that verbal SAT scores constitute a normal distribution, with a mean of 500 and a standard deviation of 100.
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46.88% |
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36.32% |
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32.36% |
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25.76% |
The scores on a PSY 1110 exam were negatively skewed. Jody scored the mean, Marcia scored the median, and Greg scored the mode. Who had the lowest score?
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Jody |
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Marcia |
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Greg |
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All three had the same score |
The Interquartile Range contains the middle-most _____________:
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1/4 of the cases |
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1/2 of the cases |
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3/4 of the cases |
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9/10 of the cases |
Which one of the following statements is false?
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The variance is the standard deviation squared, and the standard deviation is the square root of the variance. |
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The variance can never be greater than the standard deviation. |
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The variance is always a positive number, because it is derived by calculating the squared raw data values. |
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The variance is a measurement of the spread between numbers in a data set. The variance measures how far each number in the set is from the mean. |
The following defines the normal curve:
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The normal curve is always unimodal; it is never bi-modal. |
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mean = median = mode (i.e., the mean, median, and mode are all approximately the same value) |
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The normal curve is always symmetrical. |
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all of the above |
Transforming X values (i.e., raw data scores) into z-scores NEVER changes the shape of the distribution. True or false?
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True |
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False |
A positive z-score always corresponds to an X value (i.e., a raw data score) that is above the mean. True or false?
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True |
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False |
A z-score transformation is a useful statistical tool because it enables statisticians to _____:
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determine which scores are the best scores in a distribution |
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compare two or more distributions’ skewness |
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more easily determine the highest and lowest scores in a distribution |
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compare and interpret scores from virtually any distribution |
Assume that the µ (population mean) for a test was 50 and the ? (population standard deviation) was 4.5. Lisa scored 56 on the test, Jill had a z-score of +1.5, and Ellianna scored at the 75th percentile. Who did the best on the test (in other words, who had the highest score)?
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Jill |
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Lisa |
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Ellianna |
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The performance of all three was identical |
A distribution of z-scores always has a mean of _____ and a standard deviation of _____.
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0, 1 |
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1, 0 |
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1, 1 |
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0, 0 |
Which of the following is the best interpretation of what the 65th percentile of a distribution means?
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65% of the scores fall equal to or above the 65th percentile |
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65% of the scores fall equal to or below the 65th percentile |
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65% of the scores are equal to, or fall at, the 65th percentile |
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65% of the scores fall at the 65th percentile about 65% of the time |
Which of the following sets of correlations correctly orders the highest to lowest degree of relationship between two variables (i.e., the highest degree of relationship between two variables to the lowest degree of relationship between two variables)?
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-0.96, +0.72, +0.10, -0.03 |
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-0.03, +0.10, +0.72, -0.96 |
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+0.72, -0.96, +0.10, -0.03 |
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+0.72, +0.10, -0.03, -0.96 |
Suppose a correlation between height (X) and weight (Y) for adults is +0.89. What percentage of the variability in the data is due to the relationship between height and weight?
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89% |
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67% |
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79% |
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25% |
We know that college GPA is positively correlated with salary after college. If we use knowledge of a student’s GPA to predict his or her salary, the predictor variable is _______ and the criterion variable is _______.
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GPA; salary |
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salary; GPA |
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salary; the correlation between GPA and salary |
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GPA; the correlation between GPA and salary |
The following data have to do with the relationship between maternal smoking (# of cigarettes smoked per day,
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-1.70 |
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+1.70 |
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-2.30 |
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+2.30 |
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-3.22 |
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+3.22 |
The following data have to do with the relationship between maternal smoking (# of cigarettes smoked per day,