University of Kentucky Pathophysiological Case Study

Purpose

The purpose of this assignment is to apply hypersensitivity pathophysiological concepts to explain assessment findings of a patient with Allergic Rhinitis. Students will examine all aspects of the patient’s assessment including: Chief Complaint (CC), History of Present Illness (HPI), Past Medical History (PMH), Family History (FH), Social History (SH), Review of Systems (ROS), and Medications and then answer the questions that follow on the provided Comprehensive Case Study template.

Activity Learning Outcomes

Through this assignment, the student will demonstrate the ability to:

Analyze the case to arrive at the type of hypersensitivity reaction that the patient is exhibiting. (CO1)

Explain the pathophysiology of the identified hypersensitivity reaction. (CO1)

Identify all subjective and objective information provided in the case. (CO3)

Explain, using pathophysiology, the rationale for each subjective and objective finding. (CO1, CO3)

Identify two types of medications that are strongly recommended for the treatment of allergic rhinitis according to the clinical practice guidelines on the management of allergic rhinitis. (CO2, CO5)

Explain the mechanism of action of the two medication classifications and include how the symptoms of allergic rhinitis are alleviated when taken. (CO2, CO5)

 

Case Study Scenario

A 35-year-old woman presents to the primary care office with a history of nasal congestion that has worsened over time and recurrent sinus infections. She considered herself healthy until about 12 months ago when she began experiencing rhinorrhea, sneezing, and nasal stuffiness that “seems to never go away”. She noticed that her rhinorrhea greatly improved when she attended her family reunion on a two-week Caribbean cruise but returned after being home a few days. She lives with her husband and 5- year-old child. They have two household pets: a dog that has lived with them for the last 4 years and a cat who joined the family 1 year ago. Upon exam, the NP observed eyelid redness and swelling, conjunctival swelling and erythema, allergic shiners (lower lid venous swelling), Allergic crease (lateral crease on the nose) and inflamed nares.

Case Study Questions

Pathophysiology & Clinical Findings of the Disease

Identify the correct hypersensitivity reaction.

Explain the pathophysiology associated with the chosen hypersensitivity reaction.

Identify at least three subjective findings from the case.

Identify at least three objective findings from the case.

Management of the Disease

*Utilize the required Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) to support your treatment recommendations.

Identify two strongly recommended medication classes for the treatment of the condition and provide an example (drug name) for each.

Describe the mechanism of action for each of the medication classes identified above.

Identify two treatment options that are NOT recommended (I.e., recommended against).